Influenza causes millions of cases of hospitalizations annually and remains a public health concern on a global scale.Vaccines are developed and have proven to be the most effective countermeasures against influenza infection.Their efficacy has been largely evaluated by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers exhibited by vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, which correlate fairly well with vaccine-conferred protection.Contrarily, non-neutralizing antibodies and their therapeutic potential are less well defined, Daisy Necklace With Hidden Message Gift Box yet, recent advances in anti-influenza antibody research indicate that non-neutralizing Fc-effector activities, especially antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also serve as a critical mechanism in antibody-mediated anti-influenza host response.Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with Fc-effector activities have the potential for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of influenza infection.
Inducing mAbs mediated Fc-effector functions could be a complementary or alternative approach to the existing neutralizing antibody-based prevention and therapy.This review mainly discusses recent advances in Fc-effector functions, especially ADCC and their potential role in influenza countermeasures.Considering the complexity of anti-influenza approaches, future vaccines MONTHLY STICKERS may need a cocktail of immunogens in order to elicit antibodies with broad-spectrum protection via multiple protective mechanisms.